School of Business

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Institutionalization of knowledge management In manufacturing enterprises in Kenya: A case of selected companies.
(KCA University, 2011) Cheruiyot, Cosamas K.
In the fast changing business environment, knowledge has become the mainstay of every organization in creating and sustaining competitive differentiation. This study sought to investigate factors that influence institutionalization of Knowledge Management (KM) in manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the current status of Knowledge Management institutionalization, examine factors that influence institutionalization of knowledge management and the challenges in institutionalization of knowledge management in the manufacturing enterprise. The target population was 60 senior managers in the three selected manufacturing companies. The researcher took a census of the heads of departments and deputy heads of departments in charge of the following departments: human resource, ICT, Finance, marketing, Procurement, Production, Internal audit, administration, Research & Development, public relations and communications, operations and engineering. The response rate was 88.3%. A combination of descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The study established that 50.9% of the respondents understood knowledge management as developing and utilizing knowledge to increase organizational performance and to meet strategic goals and 49.1% indicated it’s about creating, sustaining, sharing and making the best use of available knowledge to enhance organizational performance. The growth of business and retention of market share (mean, 3.6226), improving quality in production (mean, 3.5283) and creation and sustaining strategic competitive advantage (mean, 3.4906) were the major reasons for embracing knowledge management. For organizations to sustain capability to compete in the market, they should not only embrace, but also recognize knowledge as a firm’s core asset that is central to organizational performance. This requires that manufacturing enterprises institutionalize knowledge management practices to facilitate sharing of knowledge and application to sustain continuous improvement of products and processes. This study established that the organizational practices and the technological infrastructure are two critical factors that influence institutionalization of knowledge management in the manufacturing enterprise in Kenya. The study found out that developing a knowledge sharing culture (mean, 2.9623), top management support (mean, 2.8113) and lack of time for knowledge sharing (mean, 2.8077) are the major challenges in institutionalization of knowledge management in this sector. The study recommends that the leadership of these organizations should develop an explicit knowledge management policy in the same breadth with quality policy and health and safety policy. They should restructure their organizational structure to include the position of Chief Knowledge Officer who shall drive the knowledge management agenda in the organization. The researcher recommends that to institutionalize knowledge management, the organizational leadership should put more emphasis on the organizational practices. Further research should be done on the effects of organizational practices on successful institutionalization of knowledge management in manufacturing or service industry.
Factors Influencing Investors to Invest in Equities As Opposed to Bonds in the Banking Industry in Kenya A Case Study of Kenya Commercial Bank Employees.
(KCA University, 2011) Mukarah, Josphat G.
This Research project investigated the factors influencing the inventors to invest in equities as opposed to Bonds in Banking industry in Kenya. Development of bonds market widens the financing options for firms and enables the government to shift its domestic debt to longer-term securities. However, development of bonds market requires that certain conditions be in place. These include a developed money market, wider participation and protection of investors, reduced information asymmetry and an efficient trading system. This would boost the market microstructure and facilitate development of the market. The level of development of Kenya’s bonds market indicates that the country is very far from developing this market. The length of treasury bonds market is shorter than that of developed bonds markets, the trading system is not harmonized with intermediaries using different pricing models, and the regulatory framework is also weak to accommodate diversification of corporate bonds. Also, growth of corporate bonds is yet to pick momentum, and the debt market is thin, with the type of securities that have negative implications on the competitiveness of the market. There also gaps between the regulatory framework and the objectives of bonds market development. Thus, developing the bonds market requires huge investment in institutional building. Chapter two review the literature on, the conceptual framework and theoretical framework. Empirical reviews, a critique of the literature and research gaps are also covered. Companies issue bonds to finance operations. Most companies can borrow from banks, but view direct borrowing from a bank as more restrictive and expensive than selling debt on the open market through a bond issue, while the last chapter is comprises of research design, population, sampling, data collection, pilot study, data analysis and presentation.
An assessment of training and safety needs of motorcyclists in Kenya.
(KCA University, 2011) Minju, Elvis M.
The motorcycle population in Kenya has soured in the recent past with the motorcycle numbers on Kenyan roads rising to 350,000 units from 30,000 units in seven years (2003 – 2009) according to government economic survey 2009. With the increase in numbers of motorcycles there has been concern as the riders are major causes of fatal road accidents. Riders are not properly trained and this compromise riding standards and road safety as training is inadequate. Motorcyclists can avoid some of the crashes with proper training. Currently some hospitals across the country are dedicating special wards for crash victims because of their numbers and frequency. The research work analyzed and assessed the safety and training needs that the motorcyclists require in order to reduce accidents on Kenyan roads. The study applied descriptive research to obtain precise information concerning the motorcyclists in Nairobi and five of the suburb towns with a population of one hundred motorcycles each. A simple random sampling procedure was adopted to select the sample of eighty motorcyclists in each locality after every ten minutes as they arrive at their work stations. Data was collected using questionnaires containing both structured and unstructured questions. After the field work, the questionnaires were checked for completeness, consistency and accuracy then arranged for coding. The data was then transcribed and analyzed using Microsoft excels to generate statistically inferable information. It was found out that the motorcyclists are male between ages 16-25years, with good basic education, who are self employed with half being married. They are not ignorant of the statutory requirements governing the operations of the motorcycles and they seem to be aware of all the rules. It was established that less than ten per cent have the requisite riding license. Although fifty six per cent indicated that they had actually attended a riding school, only fifty five per cent of those who attended sat for the government test and only fifty three per cent of the ones who sat for the test passed. This shows that only fifteen per cent of the motorcyclists have passed the government test with only six per cent being able to produce their licenses.
Challenges Of Financial Management Affecting Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Nairobi
(KCA University, 2012) Waweru, Esther W.
Financial management is very critical in ensuring that Small and Medium Enterprises remain solvent. Meeting financial obligations reflects that SMEs are entitled to continuity. The world is changing at an alarming rate prompting new challenges that are making financial management in SMEs difficult. The common challenges in financial management resonate with record keeping, regulatory compliance, borrowing arrangements, financial analysis, financial reporting and operational funding. In this regard, this study sought to establish the financial management challenges faced by SMEs operating in Nairobi. In particular, the study sought to Establish the effects of business regulation, to determine the effect of record keeping on performance, to establish how financial sources influence performance of SMEs in Nairobi, to determine the effects of risk management on performance of SMEs, to find out how monitoring procedures affects performance in small and medium enterprises to establish the regulatory compliance attributes, the record keeping and financial analysis systems applied SMEs. To find out their financial sources and to establish the risk management and monitoring procedures they apply. The study applied a descriptive survey design. The target population of this study was 600 SMEs operating in the Nairobi Central Business District. This study applied the simple random sampling technique to select 60 SMEs. In this study, the managers of the SMEs were the respondents. Data collected was mainly quantitative in nature and was appropriately analyzed using descriptive statistics. The descriptive statistical tools in SPSS helped the researcher to describe the data and determine the extent used. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. The results of this study were presented in both tabular and graphic formats. The study concluded that the business regulations, record keeping, source of finance, risk management and the monitoring procedures were all significantly associated with the performance of the small micro enterprises. The study recommends that the SMEs managers to undertake some risk management courses to improve on the risk management skills. In addition, the study recommended that the SMEs managers need to come up with clear monitoring procedures and monitoring tools to monitor the performance of their businesses.
Assumed Role Of Devolved Government On Performance Of Constituency Development Fund: A Study Of Migori County In Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Omolo, Benedict M.
The main reason for the study was to assess the role that devolution was going to play on the performance of CDF. The specific objectives were to evaluate the role of internal controls and the ward representatives on the CDF performance, to assess the role of separation of power on the performance CDF, to determine the role of County Project Committee on the accountability and community participation on CDF performance and to establish the checks and balances for the CDF processes implementation. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study aimed at collecting information from respondents on the impact of devolution of government on the accountability of CDF focusing on constituency development fund with a view to establish strategies that may effectively improve service delivery, efficiency and accountability of CDF. A target population of all the CDFC member of the constituencies in Migori County was considered in this study. All Eight (8) constituencies with a population of 144 (18 from each constituency) CDFC members was targeted for the study. The research was carried out using a questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0 was used in the analysis of data collected from the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was used which included the use of percentages, frequency, mean and standard deviation. The study found that that there were challenges facing CDF in the constituency majority cited yes, respondents were asked whether they face challenges in the selection of CPC members in their constituency majority cited yes, on whether respondents think that CPC can influence CDF operations majority indicated no, on whether the constituency involves public to be involved in selection and implementation of CDF projects majority indicated yes, on respondents view concerning the publishes and publicizes the CDF reports and whether the problems are with the implementation of CDF projects majority cited yes. From the study the researcher concludes that however there are CDF internal controls the CDF implementation process still faces challenges like mismanagement of funds and it’s also affected by personal interest culprits being the CDF leaders. Citizens are allowed to take part in the selection of CPC members in their constituency which influences CDF operations to a great extent. Citizens were allowed to take part in the selection of CDF members and besides they receive publications of CDF reports. The study recommends that internal controls should be improved in order to boost CDF performance. The study also established that factors influencing completion of projects were insufficient funds and insufficient skills. The study therefore recommends that enough funds and skills should be allocated to projects.
Relationship Between Rewards And Employee Retention In Non Governmental Conservation Organisations In Nairobi, Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Onyango, Edith.
The general study objective was to investigate the relationship between rewards and employee retention among environmental conservation NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya. The study specifically aimed; to determine the effect of direct financial rewards on the employee retention among environmental conservation NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya, to determine the effect of indirect financial rewards on employee retention among environmental conservation NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya, to determine the influence of various work environments on employee retention among environmental conservation NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya and to determine the relationship between Learning and Development and employee retention among environmental conservation NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya. A descriptive survey was used in the collection of primary data. The target population was employees of environmental conservation NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya. The data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study respondents comprised all employees of the two selected Environmental Conservation NGOs. This was because the study would directly benefit the organizations who are currently working on their long term strategic plans part of which includes a retention strategy. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to explore the various variables of the study. The study found that the work environment, learning and development, direct financial rewards and the indirect financial rewards all had a positive correlation to employee retention. It was clear that under the direct financial rewards, salary stood out to be the most important while under the indirect financial rewards, pension benefits, leave benefits and healthcare all contribute to satisfaction of employees. According to majority of the respondents, leadership style was very important in terms of work environment. On the aspect of organization learning, work place/learning was very significant. Majority of respondents indicated training was very significant on employee development. The study concluded that retention and motivation of employees is improved by providing challenging work, achievement opportunities, realistic performance management and review processes. The study also concluded that direct financial rewards and indirect financial rewards even though very important are not enough to retain employees, rather a combination of the work environment in particular the leadership style impact on employee retention. Organizations that only focus on the monetary rewards will not be able to retain their highly skilled workforce. From the multiple regression analysis done, the study implied that work environment contributes most to employee retention followed by direct financial rewards and then indirect financial rewards, while learning and development contributes the least to Employee Retention within the environmental conservation organizations in Nairobi. The study recommended that it would be useful to carry out comparable studies from other NGOs in a different sector to study their retention strategies and how they impact on employee motivation.
An Investigation Of The Effects Of Income Source Diversification On Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks In Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Akinyi, Benter.
The profitability of commercial banks depends heavily on the net of income generating activities and the related activities expense. Due to the problem of profitability and stiff competition in the industry, commercial banks have changed their behavior of income sources, by increasingly diversifying into non-intermediation income generating activities as opposed to the traditional inter-mediation income generating activities. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of income source diversification on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study sought to establish the effects of foreign exchange trading income, bank charges, commission on government securities and agency banking on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The research adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population was the 43 registered Commercial banks and respondents were the 43 finance mangers at the head offices. Due to the population size of finance managers at the head offices of the 43 registered commercial banks, the research took a census approach. Primary data was obtained through self-administered questionnaires. The researcher used multiple regression model to analyze the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The findings were presented using tables and figures. The study found that foreign exchange had the highest effect on banks financial performance followed by commission from loans and advances, then government securities while agency banking had the least effect on banks financial performance (r= 0.793, p= 0.0214). A majority of the respondents (70%) indicated that foreign exchange trading affects financial performance of Commercial banks to a great extent. From the findings, exchange rate margins and volume of foreign exchange transactions affected the financial performance of the banks to a great extent as shown by a mean of 3.975 and 3.609 respectively. A majority of the respondents (65%) reported that bank charges affected financial performance of Commercial banks to a great extent. According to the findings, interest rates earned on the loans, credit cards fees and number of loans/advances affected the financial performance of the banks to a great extent as shown with a mean of 3.959, 3.859 and 3.781respectively.From the findings, number of transactions and commission from Agency banking affected the financial performance of the commercial banks with a mean of 3.892 and 3.781 respectively. A conclusion can be drawn from the study that ‘Income source diversification affects financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya’. The banks should increase their foreign exchange trading by increasing volume of foreign exchange transactions, and ensuring that positive trade flows are maintained. Accounts opening fees should be eliminated to attract more customers.Banks should invest on government securities to earn more commission from Treasury Bonds and Treasury Bills to increase their profit.
Impact Of Constituency Development Fund On Rural Development In Gatundu South Constituency
(KCA University, 2013) Laboso, Baskalia.
The Constituency Development Fund (CDF) was adopted by the government in 2003 as a people centered approach to development. The study examined the impact of the CDF on rural development in the Gatundu South Constituency. The study was guided by three specific objectives which included; establishing the effect of community participation in rural development in Gatundu South Constituency; to determine the role of CDF management in rural development in Gatundu South Constituency; to determine effect of type of projects implemented through the CDF on rural development in Gatundu South Constituency. The study also presented the theoretical and empirical literature on which the study is premised along with the conceptual framework. The study adopted the descriptive research design. Stratified random sampling procedures were adopted to identify the sample for the study. A structured questionnaire was the primary tool for data collection and was be self – administered to the study respondents. The researcher adopted descriptive statistics to make meaningful inferences from the collected information which included correlation analysis and the chi-square tests. The data was presented in tables, charts which were in percentages and frequencies and complemented by the researchers own interpretation in verbatim. The correlation analysis indicated that community participation in project processes is strongly and positively correlated to rural development with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.729 and is significant, p = 0.000 type of projects funded by the CDF is positively correlated to rural development as denoted by the coefficient of r = 0.812 and is significant, p = 0.001. Further the matrix indicated a positive correlation between CDF management and rural development by the coefficient of r = 0.622. The chi-square statistic of community participation was p = 0.317 the p-value were greater than 0.05 and hence there was no statistically significant association between community participation and rural development. The chi-square statistics of type of CDF projects was p = 0.031 the p – value was less than 0.05 and hence there was a statistically significant relationship between type of CDF projects and rural development. The chi-square statistic of CDF management was p = 0.739 the p – value was greater than 0.05 and hence there was no significant relationship between CDF management and rural development. The study recommends for increase in the CDF allocation, CDF mandated bodies should continuously device effective communication techniques to enhance community involvement in projects processes. There should be provision of training and capacity building for project management committee members in project management skills which will assist them in implementing projects that fulfill the four criterions of time, budget, scope and quality.
The Role Of Governance In Management Of Devolved Funds A Case Study Of Constituency Development Fund Kajiado North
(KCA University, 2013) Putita, Morris K.
The CDF was introduced in Kenya for decentralization of decision making at the grass root level generally intending to take the bottom up approach rather than the top down approach used before in development initiatives. The fund has faced numerous challenges among them management and governance issues especially in accountability and transparency. The study’s purpose is establishing the role of governance on the management of devolved funds and in specific on the Constituency Development Fund (CDF). The study was undertaken in Kajiado North Constituency where the researcher used a descriptive research design approach to determine the role of governance in management of devolved funds. The study used a randomly selected sample drawn from the constituency using the rule of thumb. The sample was calculated from the urban population in Kiserian, Ongata Rongai and Ngong towns. The data was collected through questionnaires that were self administered and data analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study established that good governance is a pre-requisite to the success of the devolved fund but had not been enhanced in issues such as increasing accessibility which still remains low and in ensuring that community participation is highly encouraged. The study’s findings are significant to the literature on public governance and on the CDF score card as shown by evidence of loopholes in the policy framework and a management that lacks to fully appreciate good governance in the management of devolved funds especially in community participation. Good governance can therefore be achieved in encouraging the CDF management through the CDFC and CDC as well as other stakeholders to ensure that there are policies that ensure efficiency, there are methods of accountability and community are participative in the decision making process. The study also found that set policies should be reviewed so as to make clear the aspects of good governance that is required of the management of the CDF.
The Effects Of Total Quality Management On Profitability: The Case Of International Organization For Standards (Iso) Certified Companies In Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Kuria, Lucy W.
Total Quality Management (TQM) is an accepted technique to ensure performance and survival of businesses in modern economies. Recent studies claim that the successful implementation of TQM could generate improved products and services, as well as reduce costs, lead to more satisfied customers and employees, and eventually improved financial performance. The purpose of this study was to establish whether this nature of relationship exists between TQM and financial performance in ISO certified companies in Kenya. The objective of this study was, therefore, to establish the effect of the implementation of TQM in ISO certified companies in Kenya. This study was a survey focused on establishing management environment, quality control tools and techniques, focus on customer and focus on supplier relationship affect ROA as a measure of financial performance. All the 38 ISO certified companies formed the sample of this study effectively making it a census. Data was collected by a questionnaire delivered by hand to the selected ISO certified company and collected after a week. The study found that management environment, quality control tools and techniques, focus on customer and focus on supplier relationship affected the returns of ISO certified companies. However, the regression analysis showed a weak relationship among the variable. This indicated by the constant term, 6.68 which was not significant; the coefficient of quality management environment, -24.27 which was statistically insignificant; the coefficient of focus on customers, 12.27 which was statistically insignificant; the coefficient of quality control tools and techniques, 7.06, which was statistically insignificant; and the coefficient of focus of supplier relationship, 7.37, which was also statistically insignificant. The study recommends that ISO certified organizations should put in place strong management environment policies. The policies should focus on putting in place a favorable work environment and ensuring sufficient financial resources that will enable achievement of organizational objectives and boost profitability. Focus on the customer should also be strengthened. Companies should put in place more effective mechanisms for quality control. Supplier relationship should also be strongly managed.
Assessment Of Capital Rationing Practices As Deter-minants Of Effective Completion Of Cdf Funded Projects: A Case Of Kasarani Constituency
(KCA University, 2013) Munene, Jacob M.
Effective completion of CDF funded Project depends not only on capital availability but is greatly influenced by the capital rationing practices adopted by management in allocat- ing available funds to various projects. CDF being a government fiscal decentralization mod- el similar to federalism applied in many other parts of the world faces budgetary constraints, which require adoption of sound management capital rationing practices. Successive budget deficits are common phenomena in Africa and most governments bridge the gap through bor- rowing and grants. The introduction of CDF in 2003 triggered massive demand for projects that require financing through the exchequer hence pressurizing the already insufficient fund- ing. The study was based on 72 projects proposed and approved for implementation and fi- nancing by the Kasarani CDF between year 2003/2004 and 2011/2012 financial year from which 22 projects were samples for observation. The study focused on the estimated 1,000 employees of various CDF financed projects within Kasarani constituency from which a ran- dom sample of 280 respondents was drawn and questionnaires administered. The self- administered questionnaires were distributed and collected after a week, which provided pri- mary data, while secondary data was obtained from the CDF website. Quantitative data was analysed by descriptive analysis and in addition, multiple regression was used to explain the strength in relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study found out that effective completion of CDF funded projects is influenced by capital rationing prac- tices.
Financial Risk Management As A Tool For Improving Financial Performance In Real Estate Investment In Nairobi County
(KCA University, 2013) Murunga, Patrick M.
The study is an assessment of the financial risk management as a tool for improving financial performance in real estate investment in Nairobi County. The study intended to use descriptive survey design. The population of the study was all 151 real estate firms. The unit of analysis is the real estate managers of Nairobi Count. A sample of 110 firms was taken. The study used primary data which was collected through use of a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The specific descriptive statistics used were mean scores and frequencies. The particular inferential statistics used was regression analysis. The data was then analysed using STATA. This research set out to find out whether financial management can be as a tool for improving Financial Risk Management in real estate in Kenya. The study has found out that financial risks are present in real estate and the same pose serious challenges to real estate managers and investors. The study has also found out that the risk management measures that the managers in the industry are using are not adequate given the significant losses that are suffered by the real estate managers and investors conducting business within this market. The study has found out that players within the industry are in agreement that effective risk management in real estate can increase profitability, increase operational efficiency and effectiveness and enlarge market share all of which can lead to financial performance. There is therefore need to consider adopting other risk management measures such as operational hedging and financial hedging that could assist managers in real estate minimize the losses suffered attributable to risks. There is need to carry out an in depth analysis that will help real estate managers identify all the risk facing them in real estate. There may be a need therefore to have further researchers investigate this variance and investigate how prepared real estate managers are in managing foreign exchange risk in the real estate market. Future researchers could also investigate the reasons behind real estate investment and the fundamentals that guide such investment. With a moderate risk attitude attributed to Kenyan property investors and their managers, it would be interesting to know what fundamentals drives real investment in Kenya given that risk is of little concern
Effect Of Financial Reporting Practices On The Quality Of Annual Accounts In The Public Sector In Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Kinyua, Benson M.
There have been an increase in demand for public accountability and transparency in the public sector in Kenya. Preparation of transparent and comprehensible financial statements and other annual accounts is an essential approach for public sector to demonstrate accountability to the general public who support them through taxes and development partners who over and over again throw in to the development activities of government. Effective financial reporting practice is important to Kenya’s public sector being in a position to make policy and deliver services to the citizenry. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey method where questionnaires were used to collect information and data. The population of interest was heads of accounting units of the previous 40 ministries and 12 departments which financially reported for the year 2011/2012. Data collected was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis while analysis of qualitative data was done using content analysis. The study revealed that there is ownership and dedication in financial reporting practices in Kenya’s public sector. The ministries and departments have adopted excellent financial reporting practices all the way through the year. The study also found that ministries and departments have managed staff and other resources effectively. However, there are challenges in financial statements or annual accounts preparation in the ministries or departments that include lack of generally accepted accounting standards in the public sector and cash accounting instead of using accrual, problems with IFMIS program usage, treatment of old balances and reconciliation of below the line accounts. The regression analysis revealed that budgeting was the only independent variable with a significant effect on quality of annual accounts (β=.557, p<.000) when each and every one of the variables were inserted into regression equation. It was established that the better the budgeting practices, the better the quality of annual accounts. Financial Statements Preparation, Appropriation and Auditing did not attain the required threshold to extensively affect quality of annual accounts, so they played no significant role. The study recommends ways to improve financial statements or annual accounts preparation that include regular training on IFMIS program application, clear guidelines from treasury on treatment of old balances as well as monthly reconciliation of below the line accounts
Effects Of Capital Budgets On Cash Flows: A Case Study Of Kenya Power And Lighting Company Limited
(KCA University, 2013) Momanyi, Damaris N.
Capital budgeting decisions have a long term effect on the performance of a firm and can determine its success or failure. These decisions are influenced by the changes in the business environment. Kenya Power and Lighting Company Limited is involved in capital intensive projects that have impacted on its performance and cash flows. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of capital budgets and how they affect cash flows at the Kenya Power and Lighting Company Limited. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of cash flow mismatch, foreign exchange, inflation and government intervention on cash flows. The study used explanatory research design. Data was collected from existing records. The findings were presented using a linear regression equation. The research finally concludes that cash flow mismatch, foreign exchange rates, inflation and government interventions affect cash flows at The Kenya power and Lighting Company Limited. The researcher recommends that the Company should aspire to match the inflows to outflows, thorough education of budget holders on the need to be committed to budgets and the adoption of zero based budgets for non-key projects, evaluation of projects to determine cost versus benefits and monitor project implementation schedule to ensure no budget over-runs. To minimize the effects of foreign exchange risk, the study recommends the use forward contracts and swaps. The study finally recommends that the company should constructively engage the government to undertake projects after taking into consideration their benefits to the public and financial viability to the company.
Effects Of Corporate Governance Structures On Financial Performance Of Large Manufacturing Firms In Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Muturi, Alicadius W.
The objective of the study was to establish the effect of corporate governance structures on the financial performance of large manufacturing firms in Kenya. The structures also referred to as structures of corporate governance includes: independent directors, board size, board committees and CEO duality. Study was guided by the following specific objectives: Determine the effect of Independent Directors on a company’s financial performance, Determine the effect of board committees on a company financial performance, Determine the impact that a company’s board size has on its financial performance, Evaluate how the CEO’s dual role as a company’s chairman and a CEO affects the financial performance of the company. The research design to be used for this study was descriptive design. The target population of this study was the large manufacturing firms in Kenya which are members of Kenya Association of Manufacturers. The population of this study is therefore 108 large manufacturing firms. A sample size of 54 firms was taken. The study used both primary data and secondary data. Data was collected by use of questionnaire. The questionnaire contained likert scale. Data was analyzed mainly by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included mean and standard deviation. Data was also presented by use of graphs, pie charts and tables. Regression analysis was also used to show the sensitivity of financial performance and ROA to various independent variables. Following the study findings it was possible to conclude that all the four variables the Independent variables had an effect on a company’s financial performance. This was supported by majority of the respondents who concluded that independent directors had a mandate to decision making in financial performance. The Independent directors monitor and control activities of executive board of directors to ensure compliance and reduction of opportunistic behaviours as well as safe guarding the assets of the firm. Board committees in the firm ensures that the executive board of directors’ decisions are based on current information derived from the board reports and are in the interest of the shareholders. Coordination and communication problems arising from overcrowded boards impede on company’s performance and causes shareholders to lose money in the company through allowances and inefficiencies. The post of the CEO should be fulltime and should have no duality Regression results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between independent directors, board committees, board size and CEO’s dual role as a company’s chairman on financial performance and financial performance of manufacturing firms. The study recommended that the firm should have non executive directors who should constitute at least one third of the board of directors. A company should have small boards so as to have more favorable performance, the appropriate board size should be 7 to 8 members and the post of the CEO/chairman should be full-time
Effect Of Restructuring On Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Ict Sector In Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Nyaga, Daniel K.
The main objective of this study was to establish the effect of restructuring on performance of SMEs in ICT sector in Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the three modes of restructuring; Financial restructuring, portfolio restructuring and operational restructuring and the effect of each mode of restructuring to SMEs’ performance using ten key performances namely Sales, Profit margins, cash flow, revenue, Liquidity, overall business profitability, Business Image, efficiency, productivity and staff morale. The study also sought to establish the relationship between restructuring and SMEs’ performance using overall profitability weighted through regression analysis model. In addition, it sought to establish the most common mode restructuring among SMEs. The primary data was collected through self administrated questionnaire to the staff in management of the SMEs in ICT sector. Purposeful sampling was used to target specific staff with the required information; mostly owners and shareholders. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Data reliability was done using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data was analysed using descriptive methods and multiple regression model. The study found that a strong relationship exist between restructuring and performance. Positive performance was observed as a result of restructuring. Portfolio restructuring was found to have greatest and quick effect on performance while operational restructuring had significant effect on performance on long term basis. Financial restructuring was observed as link between the other two modes of restructuring for better performance results. Financial restructuring was found to be the most preferred mode of restructuring. The study also observed that all the three modes of restructuring interacted with each other as indicated.
Sustainability Challenges And Its Effects On Growth Of Small And Micro Enterprises In Gikomba Market Nairobi, Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Mwangi, Elizabeth N.
According to (Fedahunsi, 1997) SMEs face many problems both at start up phases and their growth in many developing countries. Lack of proper skill and the inability to access credit has led to a high failure rate of SMEs in Africa that is approximately 85% in every 100 enterprises. There is limited information available on challenges of sustainability and its effects on the growth of small and micro enterprises in Kenya. Therefore, this study seeks to establish these challenges. A descriptive research design was adopted by the author where the population of interest in the SMEs were visited. A descriptive study’s main purpose is to find out the what, where and how of a phenomenon that is according to Cooper and Schindler (2003).The design provides quantitative data from cross section of the chosen population. The target population for this study was 1121 owners/entrepreneurs of SMEs in Gikomba market. 112 respondents were selected representing a population of 1121 possible respondents. The researcher used a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The data was then be coded to enable the responses to be grouped into various categories. Multiple regressions analysis was carried out to determine the strength of the variable. The study found that lack of managerial training and experience affect the growth of small and micro enterprises. It was clear that the enterprises apply deployment of material and planning and that design of organization structure, coordination, deployment of finance resources and controlling activities and staffing. The study revealed that government policies and regulations affect the growth of small businesses. The study found that the enterprises encounter problems of raising capital, accessing finance and accessing credit. Majority of the businesses obtained startup capital from self-financing. From regression equation it was revealed that overall access to credit had the greatest effect on the growth of small and micro enterprises, followed by training while government policies and regulations had the least effect.
Impact Of Microfinance Institutions On Poverty Allevition In Busia County-kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Bwire, Edmund M.
In the past ten years most people in underdeveloped countries have subscribed to MFIs in order to realize their economic empowerment (self employment, access to borrowings and increased savings) (Gupta, 2005).Studies carried in Kenya of the last couple of years suggest that to some extent, microfinance is an effective tool of containing poverty. Most recent studies have majored on positive effects, few on negative effects and very few on neutral effects (Kiiru, 2007). This study mirrored out the impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation in Busia County. Descriptive research design was used to assess the extent to which poverty alleviation co-relates with Microfinance Institutions services. The study targeted three Deposit Taking Microfinance institutions operating within the entire Busia County. The researcher considered scale of operations, distribution level in the county among other factors when choosing the three institutions. Simple random probability sampling was applied to select twenty (20) active MFIs members from three (3) DTMs, adding to sixty (60) respondents. Primary data was collected through questionnaires. Data collected was presented by descriptive statistics like pie charts and graphs. From the analysis, the results showed that microfinance institutions act as a key fulcrum to economic empowerment of residents in the County. However, it is important to note that the ability of members to start micro-enterprises does not guarantee financial improvement to all of them. It is important to note that there are other factors apart from availability of microfinance at play. The study found that costing of products by microfinance institutions to be the most important factor considered by members in the area. Accessibility to services on offer throughout the county is critical and in addition, microfinance institutions should endeavor to improve and differentiate their products. It is therefore important for the county government to find ways of encouraging increased microfinance operations in the entire county so as to reach as many potential members as possible in far flung areas. Those in remote parts of the county must be given the opportunity to access the services when they need them at the local level. Though MFIs are trying to address this, having their operations localized in town with weekly field visits is not sufficient. The results were re-affirmed by a linear regression analysis using SPSS version 20. The findings could be used to make policy proposals that will see MFIs meet the economical empowerment of people in County with high levels of poverty. The progress will help Kenya prepare to achieve its vision 2030 goals.
Effect Of External Debt And Inflation On Economic Growth In Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Osewe, Vincent.
The state of economic growth in Kenya has been fluctuating over time as a result of various factors. This study was carried out using external debt and inflation rates as some of the variables which can impact economic growth. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of external public debt and inflation in Kenya. It also aimed at identifying other factors that can affect economic growth in Kenya. The specific objectives for the research were to determine the effect of external public debt level on economic growth in Kenya, analyze the effect of inflation on economic growth in Kenya and to establish whether external public debt level and inflation cause economic growth in Kenya. The methodology used during the research included secondary data from International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Financial Statistics (IFS) and Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) data. The study used econometric models in establishing the relationship among the variables. Johansen Cointegration test, Granger causality test and Vector Error Correction model were used using STATA statistical software. The research found that external debt and inflation had no impact on GDP and that there exists a cointegrating relationship among these variables hence they are moving together in long run. The test for granger causality indicated that there was no causal linkage among the variables.
Determinants of know your customers (kyc) compliance among commercial banks in Kenya
(KCA University, 2013) Oniala, Fredrick O.
The need to really know-your-customer (KYC) is the very base of a outstanding economical operation. As a measure of sensible behavior/good practice, well-established banking companies often follow KYC requirements which are stronger than what is called for under law. Know Your Client (KYC) fulfillment parameter has confirmed to be among the biggest efficient encounters banking companies and as well economical companies globally have had to surmount. The KYC submission require, for every of its outstanding results, has loaded banking companies as well as other economical companies with a significant handling commitment. Moreover, to this, it increasingly includes the development of auditable proof of due determination activities, along with the call for customer recognition. The purpose of the analysis was to set up the factors of know-your-customer submission among expert banking companies in African American. There are 43 expert banking companies in African American. The analysis focused more on the area and particularly the top and middle level management group. From each stratum the analysis used stratified unique examining to select a example of members. From the target population of four hundred and forty-four, examples of 10% was selected from within each group in percentages that each group maintains to the analysis population. The analysis collected both primary and more information. Primary information was collected using a set of questions while more information was obtained from books, standard bank books and reviews of the selected banking companies.