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Agri-insurance financing and the resilience of smallholder farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya
(African Development Finance Journal, 2025) Ondabu, Ibrahim Tirimba.; Abdi, Hassan Abdullahi.
Agricultural insurance has increasingly become a critical tool for stabilizing smallholder farmers’ livelihoods, particularly in regions affected by climate variability and market shocks. This paper examines the influence of Agri-insurance financing on the productivity and resilience of smallholder farmers in Nakuru County. Using a descriptive quantitative design and data from 272 respondents, findings show that insurance significantly enhances productivity (β = .258, p < .001) by reducing farmers’ risk exposure, strengthening investment confidence, and promoting adoption of new technologies. Despite high awareness levels, insurance uptake remains low due to unaffordable premiums, low trust in insurers, and limited experience with claim processing. The study recommends subsidized index-based insurance, bundling insurance with credit and inputs, digital claim-processing mechanisms, and cooperative-based outreach.
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Digital finance as a catalyst for economic growth, innovation, and regulatory evolution
(IDEAS, 2025) Ondabu, Ibrahim Tirimba.; Choi, Alfonce Nyambane.; Ngila, Samuel.; Rikilem, Paul L.
Purpose: This study examines the impact of digital financial services on economic expansion, technological advancements, and financial regulations. It explores how digital finance drives financial inclusion, enhances access to credit, and fosters economic growth while also addressing the associated challenges. Methodology: A systematic review approach was employed to analyze existing literature on digital finance, focusing on its influence on financial innovation, transaction efficiency, and regulatory adaptation. The study synthesizes findings from academic research, industry reports, and policy papers. Findings: The study reveals that digital finance significantly enhances financial inclusion by reducing transaction costs and expanding credit access. Technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytics have revolutionized financial services, improving efficiency, security, and accessibility. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, fraud, and regulatory inconsistencies persist. Regulatory bodies are adopting adaptive measures, including regulatory sandboxes and central bank digital currencies, to balance innovation with consumer protection. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital finance’s role in economic transformation. It provides policy insights for governments and regulatory bodies to design frameworks that promote financial innovation while ensuring security and stability. Additionally, it offers practical guidance for financial institutions on leveraging digital technologies to enhance service delivery and economic development.
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Agricultural value chain financing and smallholder farmers’ productivity in Nakuru County, Kenya
(African Development Finance Journal, 2025) Ondabu, Ibrahim Tirimba.; Abdi, Hassan Abdullahi.
Agricultural Value Chain Financing (AVCF) has emerged as a critical pathway for improving the productivity and resilience of smallholder farmers across developing economies. This study examines the influence of AVCF on the productivity of smallholder farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Using a descriptive quantitative design and data from 272 farmers, the study demonstrates that AVCF significantly contributes to improved input accessibility, strengthened market linkages, and enhanced farmer profitability. Regression analysis confirms a positive and statistically significant relationship between AVCF and productivity (β = .166, p = .005). Despite the benefits, participation remains limited due to capacity gaps, information asymmetry, and weak extension systems. The study recommends strengthening contract farming, digitizing value chain platforms, enhancing extension services, and promoting farmer aggregation to unlock the full benefits of AVCF.
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Influence of Financial Management Reforms on Public Expenditures in the County Governments of the Western Region of Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Financial Management, 2022) Kulova, David M.; Bunyasi, Gladys N.W.
The financial management reforms on public expenditure implemented under the preceding Strategy 2013-2018 were designed around functional themes based on the budget cycle. The reforms are aimed at ensuring both fiscal efficiency and discipline in the use of public finances for the betterment of the Kenyan people. This study examined influence of public financial management reforms (budget reforms and financial reporting reforms) on public expenditures in the County Governments of the Western Region of Kenya; Kakamega, Vihiga, Busia and Bungoma County Governments. The study utilized a descriptive survey design. The study targeted 65 Chief Officers from the four Counties in the Western Region. A total of 65 respondents were used as the sample size. Primary data was obtained using self-administered structured questionnaires. A pilot study was conducted in the County Government of Kisumu, which borders the study area. The Cronbach alpha test, which is a measure of internal consistency, was used to evaluate instrument validity, while the Cronbach alpha test, which is a measure of internal consistency, was used to assess the dependability of the research instruments. The obtained data was edited, cleaned, and coded before being analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize data using frequencies, percentages and means. Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to test if there was correlation between variables while multiple linear regression model was utilized to determine relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Results based on the fitted model indicated that budget reforms had positive and significant effect on public expenditures. Financial reporting reforms had a positive and significant effect on public expenditures. On the other hand, the regression analysis revealed that the public financial management reforms explained up to 78.0% change in public expenditures in five counties from western region of Kenya. The study concluded that public financial management reforms significantly influence public expenditures in five counties from western region of Kenya. The study recommended that there is need to establish budget stabilization fund through an Act of Parliament. This fund will go a long way to enhance the practicability of exchequer release to the spending units. Budget stabilization fund can be used to make sure that there are no delays in budget execution and programme implementation. The study recommended that County Governments should hasten the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards and at the same time operationalize Treasury Single Account to enhance transparency and accountability in their expenditures. Further, more reforms should focus on disclosure of public sector financial information and fair reporting of service concession agreements in order to improve transparency in public expenditure.
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Effect of Pesalink and Mvisa on Financial Deepening among Tier 1 Commercial Banks in Kenya.
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2021) Bunyasi, Gladys N.; Serah, Daniel M.
The study sought to determine the joint effect of Pesalink and M-visa on financial deepening among tier I commercial banks in Kenya. Descriptive research design was adopted and a total of 8 tier I commercial banks were targeted. Census was used and thus all the 8 banks were covered. Primary data was collected using the questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like means and standard deviations and inferential statistics covering correlation and regression analysis. The results were presented using tables and charts. The study concluded that PesaLink as well as M-visa are significant drivers of financial deepening among tier I commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that the sales managers of the tier I commercial banks should invest a lot of resources to create more awareness among customers on the need to increase the adoption of Pesalink and Mvisa. The Central Bank of Kenya should formulate regulations and guidelines that would promote Pesa link and m-visa models among tier I commercial banks in Kenya. The study was limited by a small sample size of 8 tier I commercial banks operating in Kenya. Future studies are recommended to be conducted linking electronic banking with other concepts aside from financial deepening. Besides the tier I commercial banks, future studies can be conducted focusing on the whole commercial banks for generalization of the findings.