School of Business & Public Management

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.kcau.ac.ke/handle/123456789/43

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The influence of capital inflows on environmental quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Taylor & Francis., 2026) Wanyoike, Charles Githira.; Bunyasi, Gladys.; Makokha, David.
Abstract Sustainable financial ventures support environmental quality in attaining sustainable development goals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite mobilization of capital inflows, climate vulnerabilities have persisted from carbon leakage, lower green finances and budgetary constraints. This paper examined the influence of capital inflows on environmental quality in SSA. A reduced panel of 20 SSA countries was utilized and dynamic panel GMM for estimations. Autocorrelations at AR (1) from Arellano-Bond tests were statistically significant at 0.05, while AR (2) observed no significance. Instrument counts and Hansen tests validated that instrument variables from lagged values were valid. The strong statistical dependence and temporal persistence from L1.ihs_CO2, L1.ihs_AQI and L1.ihs_EFPRD, contributed to environmental quality variations given past policies on expanded industrial manufacturing, fiscal rigidities, conventional energy and low technology. Additionally, the EKC theory was not supported in this research given the statistical insignificance of GDP per capita, resulting from high p values above the 0.05 significance level. This paper recommends fiscal policies that prioritize carbon-free economies through sustainable partnerships in climate resilience programs and eco-entrepreneurship to address recurring emissions. Moreover, government and economic analysts should manage structural deficits on key environmental programs by developing their financial architecture through concessional finance and debt sustainability strategies.
The role of foreign aid and remittance inflows on ecological footprints and pollution levels in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Wohllebe & Ross., 2026) Githira, Charles.; Bunyasi, Gladys.; Makokha, David.
Streamlined foreign finances accelerate sustainable transformative economies and reducing ecological footprints. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are reeling from heavy debt coupled with absence of eco-investments and foreign aid overdependence. Limited transition towards low-carbon future risked dignified life, quality health, water and zero poverty, among sustainable development goals. This paper investigated the role of foreign aid and remittance inflows on ecological footprints and pollution levels from a census of SSA from 1990 to 2023. Regressions involved canonical correlations and GMM estimations. Persistent lagged values of EFPRD and AQI over current pollutions resulted from past regulatory challenges, clean energy costs and limited green investments. Increasing ihs_REM_IGDP and ODA_NPCP caused high ecological footprints and air pollutions while ODA_NGDP caused a reduction with negligible effect due to their statistical insignificance. Moreover, Instrument variables from lagged values were valid given Arellano-Bond tests at AR (1) were significant at 0.05, AR (2) were insignificant, while instrument counts and Hansen tests were valid. We recommend policymakers to develop blended sustainable financial models to spur economic resilience through private sector sustainable entrepreneurships while green finance social bonds earmarked for diaspora remittances should be facilitated for attainment of SDG’s through collaborative funding of healthcare systems and resilient community empowerment projects.