School of Business
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Item Corporate Governance and Financial Distress in Commercial Banks in Kenya(KCA University, 2017) Michire, Simon M.Kenya is among countries in Africa where the financial system by regional standardsis relatively well developed, although there are fundamental impediments that hinder full exploitation of its potential. Financial distress is considered as one of the most significant threats for commercial banks in both developed and emerging economies despite their size and nature. The study sought to establish the relationship between corporate governance and financial distress in commercial banks in Kenya. The study’s specific objectives were to establish the relationship between government ownership, board size, independence of the board and auditing by the big four auditing firms and financial distress in commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on the agency theory and the theory of inspired confidence. The study applied the descriptive research design. The study population was the commercial banks in Kenya that were operational and duly registered as at 31st December 2015. The study was a census of the commercial banks. The study utilized secondary data. The data was collected for five years. The data was collected from the published financial statements of the banks, the websites of the banks, CBK bank supervision reports, CMA and the NSE. The panel data collected was analyzed using the panel data model. After the analysis, the results were presented in tables and figures.The results indicated that board size, government ownership and auditing by the big 4 did not have any effect on the financial distress of commercial banks in Kenya. The results also indicated that independence of the boardwas a significant positive influencer of the Z score. This indicates that having a high proportion of independent directors was expected to strengthen the banks’ Altman Z score this reducing its chances of distress. Following the findings from the study, the following recommendations are made. Commercial banks should be very observant of the composition of the board to ensure that the proportion of independent directors in the board is high so that the board can be more independent and able to monitor the bank. Secondly, corporate governance is a key factor in stewardship of the banks. Even though the board size and auditing by the big four indicated to have no effect on financial distress, there are other indirect advantages that can emanate from having a board of optimal size and being audited by a top firm. These include efficiency, provision of other support services and credibility.Item The role of public financial management practices on service delivery in selected counties: Perception of members of county assembly(Kca University, 2016) Mаinа, Rаchаel W.Public finance management practices and service delivery is the most effective benchmark on which to assess the performance of government. Understanding how public financial management relates to service delivery may go a long way in enhancing prudence and in the long run remedy the paradox of plenty in Africa. A decentralized system has been seen as the only possibility of bringing the desired outcomes in Kenya. The study sought to assess the role of public financial management practices on service delivery in selected counties in Kenya. The study sought to attain the following specific objectives: assess the influence of revenue mobilization practices, budgeting practices, auditing practices and regulatory practices on service delivery in selected counties in Kenya (Nairobi, Kiambu and Kajiado). The study was based on systems theory, new public management theory and allocative efficiency theory. Descriptive study design was applied in this study. The population targeted in this study was all the 248 MCAs in the three counties of Nairobi, Kiambu and Kajiado. This study was a census of the 248 MCAs since the population was small and accessible. Questionnaire method was utilized to collect data in this study. To ensure that the questionnaires were reliable and valid, a pilot study was conducted with 10 respondents from Machakos County. Drop and pick later method was applied to administer the questionnaire. The study applied descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses to analyze the data collected. SPSS was used to conduct the analysis. Results were presented in graphs and tables. The results indicated that budgeting and stakeholder participation practices and regulatory practices had a positive effect on service delivery in the counties. Results however revealed that revenue mobilization and spending practices and auditing and forensic accounting practices had an insignificant effect on service delivery in the three counties. The study made the following recommendations. First, county governments should prepare plans and budgets with high level of participation and ownership of the public. Secondly, spending above the budget estimates should be discouraged. Third, counties should adopt technology to enhance efficiency in revenue collection. Lastly, the counties should ensure that audit reports are acted upon. There should be regular public expenditure review meetings at which expenditures would be discussed widely by the county with donors, civil society organizations and citizens.Item Effect Of Financial Reporting Practices On The Quality Of Annual Accounts In The Public Sector In Kenya(KCA University, 2013) Kinyua, Benson M.There have been an increase in demand for public accountability and transparency in the public sector in Kenya. Preparation of transparent and comprehensible financial statements and other annual accounts is an essential approach for public sector to demonstrate accountability to the general public who support them through taxes and development partners who over and over again throw in to the development activities of government. Effective financial reporting practice is important to Kenya’s public sector being in a position to make policy and deliver services to the citizenry. The research design for this study was a descriptive survey method where questionnaires were used to collect information and data. The population of interest was heads of accounting units of the previous 40 ministries and 12 departments which financially reported for the year 2011/2012. Data collected was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis while analysis of qualitative data was done using content analysis. The study revealed that there is ownership and dedication in financial reporting practices in Kenya’s public sector. The ministries and departments have adopted excellent financial reporting practices all the way through the year. The study also found that ministries and departments have managed staff and other resources effectively. However, there are challenges in financial statements or annual accounts preparation in the ministries or departments that include lack of generally accepted accounting standards in the public sector and cash accounting instead of using accrual, problems with IFMIS program usage, treatment of old balances and reconciliation of below the line accounts. The regression analysis revealed that budgeting was the only independent variable with a significant effect on quality of annual accounts (β=.557, p<.000) when each and every one of the variables were inserted into regression equation. It was established that the better the budgeting practices, the better the quality of annual accounts. Financial Statements Preparation, Appropriation and Auditing did not attain the required threshold to extensively affect quality of annual accounts, so they played no significant role. The study recommends ways to improve financial statements or annual accounts preparation that include regular training on IFMIS program application, clear guidelines from treasury on treatment of old balances as well as monthly reconciliation of below the line accounts