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    Effect of sustainable development financing on economic growth in Kenya.
    (IOSR Journals., 2024) Wanyoike, Charles Githira.; David, Jeremiah Makanga.
    For any economy to grow, financing is a very vital aspect. This study looks at how Kenya's economy is affected by financial resources for sustainable development. It specifically looks at the impact on Kenya's economic growth of foreign direct investment, remittances, external debt, and domestic credit to the private sector. The study was founded on the four theoretical foundations: Electric Paradigm Theory, Dependency Theory, Financial Intermediation Theory, and Institutional Theory. The study adopted correlational research design. Yearly data was collected from 1990 to 2023 on FDI inflows, remittance, external debt, domestic credit and GDP. The study used time series data since the data was collected on yearly basis. Once the data was collected, it was analyzed using STATA software. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were carried out as well as pre and post diagnostics tests. The findings showed that foreign direct investment (FDI) had a favorable effect on economic growth. It was also demonstrated that remittances, which encourage investment and the development of human capital, are essential to Kenya's economy. The findings also showed that, despite the possibility that they would negatively impact economic growth, legislative measures should be implemented to maximize their developmental effects. Based on the results, it can be said that Kenya's external debt is a barrier to its economic development. It was suggested that in order to draw foreign capital into important industries like manufacturing, technology, and infrastructure, governments should concentrate on diversifying investment opportunities. Enhancing financial inclusion initiatives is vital; further research is needed to expand on the discoveries about remittances' impact on development. There is also a need to conduct longitudinal studies to monitor the long-lasting effects of sustainable financial development on sustainability and financial stability.
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    The role of foreign aid and remittance inflows on ecological footprints and pollution levels in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (Wohllebe & Ross., 2026) Githira, Charles.; Bunyasi, Gladys.; Makokha, David.
    Streamlined foreign finances accelerate sustainable transformative economies and reducing ecological footprints. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are reeling from heavy debt coupled with absence of eco-investments and foreign aid overdependence. Limited transition towards low-carbon future risked dignified life, quality health, water and zero poverty, among sustainable development goals. This paper investigated the role of foreign aid and remittance inflows on ecological footprints and pollution levels from a census of SSA from 1990 to 2023. Regressions involved canonical correlations and GMM estimations. Persistent lagged values of EFPRD and AQI over current pollutions resulted from past regulatory challenges, clean energy costs and limited green investments. Increasing ihs_REM_IGDP and ODA_NPCP caused high ecological footprints and air pollutions while ODA_NGDP caused a reduction with negligible effect due to their statistical insignificance. Moreover, Instrument variables from lagged values were valid given Arellano-Bond tests at AR (1) were significant at 0.05, AR (2) were insignificant, while instrument counts and Hansen tests were valid. We recommend policymakers to develop blended sustainable financial models to spur economic resilience through private sector sustainable entrepreneurships while green finance social bonds earmarked for diaspora remittances should be facilitated for attainment of SDG’s through collaborative funding of healthcare systems and resilient community empowerment projects.
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    The Role of Foreign Aid and Remittance Inflows on Ecological Footprints and Pollution Levels in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (International Journal of Sustainability in Business and Economics, 2026) Makokha, David; Githira, Charles; Bunyasi, Gladys
    Streamlined foreign finances accelerate sustainable transformative economies and reducing ecological footprints. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are reeling from heavy debt coupled with absence of eco-investments and foreign aid overdependence. Limited transition towards low-carbon future risked dignified life, quality health, water and zero poverty, among sustainable development goals.This paper investigated the role of foreign aid and remittance inflows on ecological footprints and pollution levels from a census of SSA from 1990 to 2023. Regressions involved canonical correlations and GMM estimations. Persistent lagged values of EFPRD and AQI over current pollutions resulted from past regulatory challenges, clean energy costs and limited green investments. Increasing ihs_REM_IGDP and ODA_NPCP caused high ecological footprints and air pollutions while ODA_NGDP caused a reduction with negligible effect due to their statistical insignificance. Moreover, Instrument variables from lagged values were valid given Arellano-Bond tests at AR (1) were significant at 0.05, AR (2) were insignificant, while instrument counts and Hansen tests were valid. We recommend policymakers to develop blended sustainable financial models to spur economic resilience through private sector sustainable entrepreneurships while green finance social bonds earmarked for diaspora remiitances should be facilitated for attainment of SDG’s through collaborative funding of healthcare systems and resilient community empowerment projects.